Guitar Intonation Guide: Fix Out-of-Tune Up the Neck

Guitar Intonation Guide: Why Your Guitar Goes Out of Tune Up the Neck

Guitar intonation means your guitar plays in tune at every fret — fix it by adjusting each saddle position until the 12th-fret harmonic and the fretted 12th-fret note match exactly. If the fretted note is sharp, move the saddle back (away from neck); if flat, move it forward. Good intonation is the difference between a guitar that sounds professional everywhere on the neck and one that sounds out-of-tune by the 5th fret.

Intonation is a crucial aspect of guitar maintenance that directly affects the sound quality of your instrument, especially in a band context. It describes how accurately your guitar plays in tune across the entire fretboard. A guitar with perfect intonation plays the same pitch at the open string, the 12th fret harmonic, and the 12th fret fretted note. This means that if you play a note at the 12th fret, it should have the same pitch as the corresponding harmonic played at the same fret. If the fretted 12th is sharp compared to the harmonic, the string is too short, and the saddle needs to move back. Conversely, if the fretted 12th is flat, the string is too long, and the saddle needs to move forward.

What Causes Intonation Problems?

Several factors can contribute to intonation issues on your guitar. One of the most common causes is a string gauge change, which alters the string tension and requires intonation adjustment. Old strings can also develop intonation problems due to uneven wear, which changes the string's vibrating mass. Temperature and humidity fluctuations can also affect the neck relief and string height, leading to intonation issues. Additionally, excessive capo pressure can pull notes sharp, making it essential to use an adjustable tension capo.

How to Check Intonation

To check the intonation on your guitar, follow these steps:

1. Tune the open string to pitch using a chromatic tuner.
2. Play the 12th fret harmonic and ensure it matches exactly.
3. Press the 12th fret and compare it to the harmonic.
4. If they differ by more than 2 cents, adjust the saddle accordingly.

What's the Best Way to Prevent Intonation Drift?

To prevent intonation drift, it's essential to maintain your guitar regularly. This includes changing strings regularly, using an adjustable tension capo, and storing your guitar in a temperature-stable environment. By following these tips, you can ensure that your guitar stays in tune and sounds its best.

How Often Should I Change My Strings?

It's recommended to change your strings every 3-6 months, depending on your playing style and the type of strings you use. Using high-quality strings like PGL Performance Series can help extend the life of your strings and prevent intonation issues.

What's the Difference Between an Adjustable and Fixed Capo?

An adjustable tension capo allows you to adjust the pressure on the strings, which can help prevent intonation issues. A fixed capo, on the other hand, applies a fixed amount of pressure, which can lead to intonation problems.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: How do I know if my guitar needs intonation adjustment? A: If your guitar is consistently out of tune, especially when playing chords or scales, it may need intonation adjustment.

Q: Can I adjust the intonation on my guitar myself? A: Yes, if your guitar has an adjustable saddle, you can adjust the intonation yourself. However, if your guitar has a fixed saddle, it's best to consult a professional luthier.

Q: How often should I check the intonation on my guitar? A: It's recommended to check the intonation on your guitar every 3-6 months, or whenever you change your strings.

Intonation problems are often linked to neck relief — see our guide to <a href="/knowledge-hub/guitar-neck-relief-explained">guitar neck relief and truss rod adjustment</a> for the full picture.

Related Reading

• [How to Intonate Your Guitar](/knowledge-hub/how-to-intonate-guitar)
• [Guitar Capo Tension Adjustment: Why It Matters](/knowledge-hub/guitar-capo-tension-adjustment-guide)

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